中国体育科技
CHINA SPORT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
1999年 第35卷 第5期 Vol.35 No.5 1999



体育系大学生自我概念的性别差异与项目差异
符明秋　张力为
摘要：Markus和Kitayama(1991)的自我构念理论以文化差异为基础，将人的自我概念分为独立自我和互联自我。本研究假设，个人项目的训练培养独立自我倾向，集体项目的训练培养互联自我倾向。应用20项陈述测验对145名体育专业大学生进行研究的结果没有支持该假设。研究结果还表明，独立自我倾向和互联自我倾向不存在性别差异。关于自尊倾向，本研究发现，集体项目中，女性的消极陈述多于男性，个人项目中，男性的消极陈述多于女性，积极陈述则不存在这种交互作用。讨论了这些结果的可能原因并对今后研究的方向提出了建议。
关键词：体育∥大学生∥自我概念∥项目∥性别差异∥自尊
Gender and Event Difference of Self-concept of
College Physical Education Students
Fu Mingqiu,Zhang Liwei
Abstract:Based on cultural differences,Markus and Kitayama's(1991)self construal theory divides self concept into two parts:indepednent self and interdependent self.The present study hypothesized that training in an individual event will cultivate the independent self whereas training in a team event will cultivate the interdependent self.Twenty Statement Test(TST)was administered to 145 university students who major in P.E.The result did not support the above hypothesis.The result also indicated that there was no gender difference in terms of independent self and interdependent self.As to self esteem,it was found that in team events females' negative statements were more than males',while in individual events males' negative statements outnumbered males.However,this interaction effect was not found for the positive statements.Possible reasons for these results were discussed and suggestions for future research were made.
Key words:self construal∥independent self∥interdependent self∥self esteem∥gender difference∥event difference
1　引言
　　在现代社会心理学中，很难找到一个比自我概念更为重要的心理学概念了。自我概念是个人在成长过程中不断发展起来的对自己的认识与理解——对自己的人格特质、信仰、情绪、价值以及行为方式的认识与理解，它对人的行为具有统领作用和深远影响(Markus & Kitayama,1991)。
　　1991年，Markus和Kitayama在社会科学最重要的期刊之一《心理学评论》(Psychological Review)上发表了题为《文化与自我：对认知、情绪与动机的影响》的论文。该文以心理学和人类学对自我概念的形成与
